What defines a Stage 4 pressure ulcer?

A Stage 4 pressure ulcer is identified by full thickness skin loss along with extensive destruction of the underlying tissues. This stage indicates that the ulcer has progressed to the point where there is exposure of muscle, bone, or supporting structures, such as fascia or tendon. In this stage, necrosis of the tissue may also be present, and it can significantly impact the patient's overall health and well-being.

Understanding the characteristics of the different stages of pressure ulcers is crucial for effective assessment and management. Intact skin with color change reflects an earlier stage and does not indicate any loss of skin integrity. Partial thickness skin loss pertains to Stage 2 ulcers, where damage extends through the epidermis and into the dermis but does not reach the underlying tissue. Clear drainage from the wound may occur at various stages, but it does not define the severity or depth of the tissue damage present in a Stage 4 ulcer.